RESUMO
Myogenic stem cells (MSC), also known as satellite cells, play a key role in mediating post-hatch skeletal muscle growth in broiler chickens. Information regarding the heterogeneity of MSC populations and myofiber size distributions in different muscles of modern broiler strains of both sexes is scarce. Thus, myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and myogenic regulatory factor expression by MSC populations in 2 functionally different muscles (Biceps femoris, BF and Pectoralis major, PM) from both sexes of broilers from 2 strains, Ross 708 x Ross 708 (ROSS; Aviagen Group, Huntsville, AL) and Red Ranger (RR; S&G Poultry, Clanton, AL) was evaluated. Female and male broilers from both strains (n = 80 birds per strain) were reared for 43 d on a common corn and soybean meal-based diet. At 43 d of age, 8 birds per sex per strain (n = 32 total) were euthanized and PM and BF muscle samples from each bird were analyzed using cryohistology, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and fluorescence microscopy. Cryosections from each muscle from each bird were IF stained to detect Myf-5, MyoD, and Pax7-expressing MSC. The CSA of every fiber in each digital image was measured and MSC populations (Myf-5+, MyoD+, Pax7+, Myf-5+: MyoD+, Myf-5+: Pax7+, MyoD+: Pax7+, and Myf-5+: MyoD+: Pax7+) were enumerated. Myofiber CSA was similar among the 2 strains and 2 sexes (P > 0.05). As expected, mean myofiber CSA was greater in the predominantly fast-twitch PM than the predominantly slow-twitch BF muscle (P = 0.006). At 43 d of age, ROSS broilers had a 32% larger population of Myf-5+: MyoD+: Pax7+ MSC compared with RR (P = 0.04). The heterogeneity of MSC was similar among the sexes. While the total MSC population was larger in the BF muscle compared with the PM (P < 0.05), the Myf-5+ and Pax7+ MSC densities were similar among muscles (P > 0.05). The major differences in myofiber morphometrics and MSC heterogeneity were not among the different broiler strains or sexes but were instead, between the 2 functionally different muscles.
Assuntos
Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Fatores de Regulação Miogênica/genética , Células Satélites de Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/metabolismo , Galinhas/genética , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Masculino , Fatores de Regulação Miogênica/metabolismo , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efeitos adversos , Cianoacrilatos/uso terapêutico , Complicações Intraoperatórias/terapia , Estômago/lesões , Adesivos Teciduais/uso terapêutico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica , Instrumentos CirúrgicosRESUMO
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Assuntos
Feminino , Idoso , Humanos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efeitos adversos , Cianoacrilatos/uso terapêutico , Complicações Intraoperatórias/terapia , Estômago/lesões , Adesivos Teciduais/uso terapêutico , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Doença Iatrogênica , Instrumentos CirúrgicosRESUMO
The post-genomics scientific era has evolved rapidly while achieving advanced understanding of the structure and function of the genes responsible for both the phenotypic characteristics of higher organisms and the pathophysiology of several genetic diseases. Researchers in the fields of oncology and infectious diseases have become more convinced of the great potential of molecular biology approaches to further develop highly specific diagnostic and less toxic therapeutic strategies. During the last two decades, approaches for the specific silencing of essential viral genes and cellular oncogenes were evaluated with optimism for developing directed therapies. However, there were drawbacks in the use of antisense oligonucleotides as a practical mechanism of achieving gene silencing both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, a novel role for post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was discovered in the experimental model of C. elegans. This mechanism, termed RNA interference (RNAi) has also been found in other eukaryotes, from plants to mammals, including humans. RNAi is presently being explored both in vitro and in vivo in functional genomics studies and possible therapeutic uses due to its highly specific and physiologic mode of gene silencing. This article focuses on the most current information available regarding the RNAi mechanism and its uses in models of cancer and infectious diseases.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Interferência de RNA/fisiologia , Biologia Molecular , Terapia Genética/métodos , Células Eucarióticas/fisiologia , Inativação Gênica/fisiologiaRESUMO
In the present report we describe a 66 year-old-woman, diagnosed of rheumatoid arthritis, who suffered a severe haemorrhagic syndrome caused by the presence of a circulating inhibitor to factor VIII. Inhibitor quantitation was measured with Bethesda test. After treatment with corticosteroids and high-dose immunoglobulin, a good clinical response was obtained; factor VIII:C activity increased with the disappearance of detectable inhibitor. This response was observed more effectively and rapidly than with prednisone treatment alone.